Name of Company/Organization that Provided Content or Creator's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial. if known. (Director). (Year video was created, Month Day if known). Title of video [Video]. Name of Streaming Service.
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Example |
Owen, D. (Director). (1967). The Ernie game [Video]. NFB Education. |
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In-Text Paraphrase |
(Name of Company/Organization/Creator, Year) Example: (Owen, 1967) |
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In-Text Quote |
(Name of Company/Organization, Year) Example: (Owen, 1967) Note: Because videos typically do not have page numbers, paragraph numbers, or section headings, this information is left out of the in-text citation. |
Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial. of person who posted the video if known. [User name that posted the video]. (Year video was posted, Month Day). Title of video [Video]. Name of Website. URL
Note:
According to APA 7, the person who posted/uploaded the video is credited as the author.
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Example |
Nye, B. [TheRealBillNye]. (2019, April 8). Bill Nye the science guy on energy [Video]. YouTube. http://youtu.be/0ASLLiuejAo |
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In-Text Paraphrase |
(Creator's Last Name, Year) Example: (Nye, 2019) |
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In-Text Quote |
(Creator's Last Name, Year, Time Stamp) Example: (Nye, 2019, 2:12) Note: Because videos typically do not have page numbers, paragraph numbers or section headings, instead provide a time stamp for the beginning of the quotation. |
User name that posted the video. (Year video was posted, Month Day). Title of video [Video]. Name of Website. URL
Note:
According to APA 7, the person who posted the video is credited as the author.
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Example |
All Aces Media. (2021, January 19). Often awesome the series [Video]. Vimeo. http://vimeo.com/35311255 |
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In-Text Paraphrase |
(User name, Year) Example: (All Aces Media, 2021) |
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In-Text Quote |
(User name, Year, Time Stamp) Example: (All Aces Media, 2021, 3:17) Note: Because videos typically do not have page numbers, paragraph numbers or section headings, instead provide a time stamp for the beginning of the quotation. |
Director's Last Name, First Initial, Second Initial if Given. (Director). (Year of Publication). Title of Movie [Film]. Production Company.
Note:
Only specify how you watched a film (on DVD, streaming service, etc.) when it is important to indicate a specific version. Put this information in square brackets following the word, "Film" and a semicolon. If there is more than one director, use (Directors) instead, and separate their names with commas, adding an ampersand (&) before the final director's name. If the director is unknown, credit someone in a similar role (Producer / Writer) and put the title in parentheses after their name.
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Example |
Gitlitz, R. (Director). (2017). The story of Diana [Film]. ABC Entertainment. |
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In-Text Paraphrase |
(Director Last name, Year) Example: (Gitlitz, 2017) |
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In-Text Quote |
(Director Last name, Year, Time Stamp) Example: (Gitlitz, 2017, 51:45) Note: Because videos typically do not have page numbers, paragraph numbers or section headings, instead provide a time stamp for the beginning of the quotation. |
Director's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Director). (Year DVD was produced). Title of DVD [Film; optional descriptive information if DVD is a unique version]. Production Company.
Note:
In general, you don't need to cite the format of a movie. However, include it if the information you are citing can be found only in that particular format or edition (e.g. special features or commentary).
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Example |
Jackson, P. (Director). (2001). The lord of the rings: The fellowship of the ring [Film; four-disc special extended ed. on DVD]. WingNut Films; The Saul Zaentz Company. Note: If there is more than one production company, separate their names with a semi-colon (;). |
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In-Text Paraphrase |
(Director Last Name, Year) Example: (Jackson, 2001) |
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In-Text Quote |
(Director Last Name, Year, Time Stamp) Example: (Jackson, 2001, 1:23:46) Note: Because videos typically do not have page numbers, paragraph numbers or section headings, instead provide a time stamp for the beginning of the quotation. |
Title of movie [Film]. (Year movie was produced). Production Company.
Note:
When the Director, Producer and/or Writer is not known, start the citation with the movie title.
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Example |
Era of viruses [Film]. (2021). Films for the Humanities and Sciences. |
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In-Text Paraphrase |
(Title Of Movie, Year) Example: (Era Of Viruses, 2021) Note: Italicize the title of the DVD and capitalize the words for the in-text citation. |
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In-Text Quote |
(Title Of Movie, Year, Time Stamp) Example: (Era Of Viruses, 2021, 1:03:42) Note: Italicize the title of the DVD and capitalize the words for the in-text citation. Because videos typically do not have page numbers, paragraph numbers or section headings, instead provide a time stamp for the beginning of the quotation. |
Writer's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Writer), & Director's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Director). (Year the episode was originally aired, Month Day if known). Title of episode (Season Number, Episode Number) [TV series episode]. In Executive Producer's First Initial. Last Name (Executive Producer), Television series name. Production Company.
Note:
Include the writer and director for the episode and put their job title in parentheses after their names. If one person did both jobs, use (Writer & Director).
Cite the URL for the log-in page instead of the URL for the actual movie. Omit the URL if the TV episode was viewed on cable television rather than online.
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Example |
Oakley, B. K. (Writer), & Lynch, J. (Director). (2020, January 1). The Key (Season 6, Episode 5) [TV series episode]. In D. Mirkin, J. L. Brooks, & S. Simon (Executive Producers), Vikings. History. |
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In-Text Paraphrase |
(Writer & Director Last Names, Year) Example: (Oakley & Lynch, 2020) |
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In-Text Quote |
(Writer & Director Last Names, Year, Time Stamp) Example: (Oakley & Lynch, 2020, 17:53) Note: Because videos typically do not have page numbers, paragraph numbers or section headings, instead provide a time stamp for the beginning of the quotation. |
Director/Producer/Host's Last Name, First intial. Second Initial if Given. (Role in the production e.g. Host, Director, Producer) (Year podcast was released, Month Day if given). Title of podcast episode: Subtitle if given (episode number if known) [Audio podcast episode]. In Title of Podcast. Publisher. URL if known
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Example |
Rogers, S. (Host). (2012, June 18). Richard Wagamese: Children's book panel (No. 225) [Audio podcast episode]. In The Next Chapter. CBC. http://www.cbc.ca/thenextchapter/episode/2012/06/18/richard-wagamese-bookworm-childrens-book-panel/ |
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In-Text Paraphrase |
(Director/Producer/Host's Last Name, Year) Example: (Rogers, 2012) |
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In-Text Quote |
(Director/Producer/Host's Last Name, Year) Example: (Rogers, 2012) Note: Because podcasts do not have page numbers, paragraph numbers or section headings, this information is left out of the in-text citation. |
Presenter Last Name, First intial. Second Initial if Given. (Year Talk was delivered, Month Day if given). Title of Talk: Subtitle if given [Video]. TED Conferences or TED Connects. URL
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Example |
Gates, B. (2020, March 24). How we must respond to the coronavirus pandemic [Video]. TED Connects.https://www.ted.com/talks/bill_gates_how_we_must_respond_to_the_coronavirus_pandemic?referrer=playlist-the_most_popular_talks_of_2020#t-54902 |
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In-Text Paraphrase |
(Presenter's Last Name, Year) (Gates, 2020) OR Presenter’s Last Name (Year) Example: Bill Gates (2020) expressed his concern about the novel virus... |
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In-Text Quote |
(Presenter’s Last Name, Year, Time) Example: (Gates, 2020, 31:28) Note: Because TED Talks do not have page numbers, paragraph numbers or section headings, instead provide a time stamp for the beginning of the quotation. |
Notes:
When the TED Talk comes from TED’s website, use the name of the speaker as the author.
Provide as specific a date as possible; in the example, the year, month, and day are available.
Include the description “[Video]” in square brackets after the title of the talk.
Credit TED Conferences or TED Connects as the publisher and then provide the URL.
TED Talk from YouTube
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Example |
TED. (2019, November 13). The danger of AI is weirder than you think | Janelle Shane [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OhCzX0iLnOc |
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In-Text Paraphrase |
(Presenter’s Last Name, Year) Example: (TED, 2019) |
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In-Text Quote |
(Presenter’s Last Name, Year, Time) Example: (TED, 2019, 8:51) Note: Because TED Talks do not have page numbers, paragraph numbers or section headings, instead provide a time stamp for the beginning of the quotation. |
Notes:
When the TED Talk is on YouTube, list the owner of the YouTube account (here, TED) as the author to aid in retrieval.
Provide as specific a date as possible.
Include the description “[Video]” in square brackets after the title of the talk.
Credit YouTube as the publisher of the TED Talk and then provide the URL.